Hug To Health

Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but the risk for most varieties increases with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. According to the American Cancer Society, 7.6 million people died from cancer in the world during 2007. Cancers can affect all animals.

Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia, do not. The branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer is oncology.

Nearly all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells. These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be randomly acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present in all cells from birth. The heritability of cancers are usually affected by complex interactions between carcinogens and the host’s genome. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as DNA methylation, and microRNAs are increasingly recognized as important.

Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes of genes. Cancer-promoting oncogenes are typically activated in cancer cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and division, protection against programmed cell death, loss of respect for normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. Tumor suppressor genes are then inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.

Diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of a tissue biopsy specimen by a pathologist, although the initial indication of malignancy can be symptoms or radiographic imaging abnormalities. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for different varieties of cancer. There has been significant progress in the development of targeted therapy drugs that act specifically on detectable molecular abnormalities in certain tumors, and which minimize damage to normal cells. The prognosis of cancer patients is most influenced by the type of cancer, as well as the stage, or extent of the disease. In addition, histologic grading and the presence of specific molecular markers can also be useful in establishing prognosis, as well as in determining individual treatments.

After gastric cancer, clinical have strict diet system, which for patients with gastric function is essential. But each hospital, each country has a set according to the local eating habits and diet-specific programmes. Let us look at specific countries for what some have stomach cancer after eating programme.

Thailand

After eating divided into four stages: liquid diet, soft diet, light diet and regular diet. Liquid diet is as heavy as rice soup broth, rice soup that did not taste. Can be Fusi, such as soup, milk and juice. The second stage is the soft diet, mainly with Thai rice porridge Aozhi%, equivalent to Japan’s seven congee porridge to the whole stage. Even Aocheng Thai rice porridge has a unique flavor, the Hu Hu Nien. Fusi to less fiber, making the meat is very soft and vegetable-based category. The third stage is light diet, is equivalent to all stages of atherosclerosis atherosclerosis. Should be controlled after spicy food, stomach will one day restore bowel movements once a day better, but different personal situation therefore vary.

India

All hospitals are different, generally four or five steps further, but is basically a stage of the day. Food after the first general to the broth and barley-based Yezi Zhi, enteral nutrition and after eating vegetables can be provided with non-vegetable ingredients. India after eating strongly influenced by culture, compared with Japan, after the sub-less, the diet also creates faster.

Americas

The United States, Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil after eating are divided into four stages. In the United States, divided into pure liquid, full liquid, soft diet and regular diet. These countries after eating from the progressive rate of consumption, are basically a stage of the day, most cases can be discharged in the third stage. The United States because the United States Food Federation, the nation’s hospitals after eating diet and have been unified. Pure liquid diet strict rules: no milk, no fat and no fiber components, such as fruit juice mainly to the basic point is non-salt. From this stage, you can drink coffee and a Coke. Diet of more than 95 percent of calories from carbohydrates, in order to add protein, commonly used non-fat enteral nutrition agent. In Latin America, started only drinking water before eating stage, a Spanish liquor Jianzhi drinking the tea for the traditional habit widely used, is said to promote the effectiveness of gastric motility. After eating the Americas in four phases, less than Japan, progressive fast.

United Kingdom

Hospital food has been systematic, after eating food in general is also easy recipe, so not only patients but also nurses and doctors choose consumption, as Japan does not exist after the special diet, and in phases. Easy to digest energy in the diet in the tomatoes, juice, eggs, tomato sandwiches, bread and soup. After eating is typical: cream of potato, the Mibu Ding, gravy and broth. Provided to patients after eating food from the first day, according to 1,000-2,000 kilocalories of 25-30 per cent protein, 60% of sugar and fat ratio of 25-30%. In our survey of countries, only Britain does not exist after strict diet and Sub, the world’s advanced countries, the United Kingdom after eating is indeed rather special.

China

Into liquid diet, semi-liquid diet, and Cape Ruansi fresh four stages. Six times a day supply of liquid diet: a Mi Tang, the Fourth is all kinds of soup, enteral nutrition is another agent. Eight semi-liquid is the staple food of atherosclerosis, which has Fusi. Semi-liquid is made easy to digest wheat Chinese bread, steamed bread and noodles eating and drinking. Ruansi the staple food is making the soft meals. Gastrectomy, gastrointestinal peristalsis Once restored, first drinking water, after 2-3 days of liquid diet over to semi-liquid diet, semi-liquid diet is different in various hospitals, some hospitals around after three days on the transition to Ruansi, And some hospitals, even if the hospital or even until after a month and a half remained semi-liquid diet.

Japan

Japan metres mainly food, have formed a watery gruel as the center of the hospital catering system. Gastrectomy after eating in general were re-divided into soup, porridge-third, fifth porridge, seven porridge, porridge and all the normal diet, such as six steps, fresh from a full-flow transition to full-time congee about 1-2 weeks.

South Korea

Divided into Mitang, eating congee and ordinary three-step process. Mitang is against the will of rice Aozhi from large quantities of water, equivalent to Japan’s heavy soup and eat when a Xianmi can smell the smell. The second step of the Japanese equivalent of the entire congee porridge, under normal circumstances as Fusi be more practical, as a postoperative diet is of course the EHO. Gastrointestinal peristalsis has improved, from drinking water, after 1-2 days of Mitang immediately over to the fresh stage of atherosclerosis, faster than Japan.

The incidence of cancer is very complex reasons, it is the environment, diet, infections and genetic factors and other effects from these bad habits and the incidence of cancer is closely related. Especially in the way of life to the relationship between diet and cancer is most closely, about one-third of cancer and diet-related misconduct.

In recent years, the male cancer incidence rates continue to rise, the common male malignancy mainly lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and so on. Because of the men do not love to go to the hospital, on some uncomfortable, can carry on carrying, Nengren, forbearance, resulting in many patients with cancer treatment when it is late, missed the best time for treatment.

“A healthy lifestyle and regular medical check-ups for cancer prevention and early detection is very important” and treat cancer, early detection and prevention from the start.

“Eat” in the cancer

Especially in the way of life to the relationship between diet and cancer is most closely, about one-third of cancer and diet-related misconduct.

Stomach cancer, esophageal cancer: high-calorie, high-salt diet; consumption is not fresh or contaminated food, salt, fried food Xunkao; preference Pianying, overheating, too hot, irritating (spirits, garlic, vinegar , Pepper) food and pickled cabbage, can be induced esophageal cancer. Pickling salt content in food which is too high, and contain large quantities of nitrite, easy-induced gastric cancer; it and Aflatoxin (mould of food), phenylalanyl pyrene (cigarettes) is the world’s recognized three carcinogenic substances.

Colorectal cancer: long-term high-fat, low-fiber diet. Fine staple food, coarse grain, miscellaneous grains and other food into too little. Today, more and more people love food, like red meat, lead to colorectal cancer patients is increasing.

HCC: alcohol and viral hepatitis and fatty liver patients. They suffer from liver cancer risk is 150 times the normal, while 30-year-old to 40-year-old middle-aged and young men, one quarter were diagnosed with fatty liver.

Prostate Cancer: to drink a lot of pelvic congestion, thereby increasing the pressure on the prostate, and eat red meat, the rest does not rule, Aoye and other Western way of life is also easy to increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Lung cancer: smoking. In cancer, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates for the first one, every four male cancer patients out of a lung cancer patients. History of smoking in 30 -40 in the crowd of men in the highest incidence rate.

Other way of life, such as vehicles to travel frequently to lift travel, lack of exercise, such as colorectal cancer is the “friends” in the busy streets of breathing emissions from motor vehicles is the incentive for lung cancer; In addition, the increasingly severe social pressure today , Cheerful, calm attitude is also very important, the emotional state of scientific research and the incidence of cancer has some relevance. And the character of depression after a meal of Chang Yi Sheng Menqi in the stomach, hot temper, and so easy for liver cancer.

Staging and symptoms of cervical cancer

Phase  o: carcinoma in situ, cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is limited to no local invasion.

Phase I: only cervical cancer (not consider whether the invasion Palace)

Phase II: excess of cervical cancer, but the marketing of infiltration pelvic wall, cancer has involved the vagina, but did not reach the next one-third.

Phase III: invasive cancer has reached pelvic wall, rectal examination and Penbi without clearance; under one-third of cancer involving the vagina; hydronephrosis or who are non-functional kidney Ⅲ period, or for any other reason except for cause The renal pelvis stagnant water or non-functional.

Phase IV: cancer has spread beyond the true pelvis, bladder or clinical violations or rectal mucosa

To advanced cervical cancer, because cancer increases, there can be all kinds of oppression symptoms, pain is a common symptom of oppression, the rate was «41.4 percent, more common in Ⅲ, Ⅳ patients. In addition, under the focus of the organ and a series of secondary symptoms of pelvic lesions if the connective tissue, pelvic wall, oppression ureter, the rectum and the sciatic nerve, the oppression under the common symptoms of abdominal pain, back pain, frequency, urgency, the anus Zhuizhang flu, Lijihouchong, lower limb swelling and pain, sciatica, and so on; foci of oppression or ureter, sometimes leading to serious ureter obstruction, hydronephrosis, renal damage, resulting in the death of uremia.

Research staff of more than 1,000 men with prostate cancer and 1,250 healthy male survey found that between 20-50 years old, have a larger number of male ejaculation, the lowest risk of cancer. General, there are about five times a week experienced male ejaculation, the risk of developing cancer can be reduced by 1 / 3. Victoria Cancer Society to study the Ingraham Gilles said, animal experiments show that a similar 3 - methyl chloride anthracene on the carcinogens in hiding in the prostate, prostate and prostate secretion of fluid, is part of semen. Therefore, the laws of ejaculation can promptly discharge these carcinogenic substances in vitro.

At the same time, prostate cancer has obvious hormone-dependent. Reduce androgen levels, the prevention of prostate cancer have a certain role.

The World Health Organization in April 2003 published a study shows that breast cancer incidence rate in the world second place, each year about 1.2 million new patients. Normal women suffering from breast cancer risk was 10 percent, while smoking habits of women to higher risk of illness 5-10 percentage points.

Over the past 10 years, breast cancer morbidity and mortality rates were rising, breast cancer has become a threat to the health of young and middle-aged women, “the number one killer.” Moreover, the incidence of breast cancer increasingly younger age, past breast cancer incidence in the 45-year-old, now moved up to 35-40 years of age.

“The younger patients with breast cancer, treatment more difficult.” Experts pointed out that many young women have the habit of smoking, which is led to the current increase in breast cancer incidence, mortality an important reason for the high. According to reports, all tobacco are addictive and pathogenicity, smoking so that people suffering from cancer, heart disease and other diseases greatly increased the risk.

“Early discovery, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer can be cured, but the key is prevention.” Expert advice female friends to quit tobacco, and create a smoke-free environment, a balanced diet, to strengthen campaign to prevent and reduce the incidence of cancer.

Breast cancer is ductal breast cancer in epithelial, is a common cancer of women. In many Western countries, the incidence of breast cancer for women of the first. In China, female breast cancer accounted for the first two. According to relevant data, the incidence rate in women 23/10 million population, while the male population was only 000 0.49/10. Man breast cancer accounts for about 1% of the entire breast cancer around. Most of breast cancer occurred in 40 to 60 years old, or pre-and post-menopausal women, particularly in the 45 to 49-year-old and 60 to 64-year-old among the highest incidence rate.

What is the cause of breast cancer ？

Judging from the current practice of clinical medicine and animal experiments and other relevant information on the incidence of breast cancer with the following factors:

(1) hormone secretion disorder: the so-called hormone secretion disorder mainly refers to estrogen secretion disorder. Because the high incidence of breast cancer, aged 40 to 60-year-old woman. Stage is the women in this age of estrogen secretion disorders, estrogen is high time. As in the secretion of estrogen increase, which would make the epithelial cells of the breast ductal hyperplasia and cancerous.

(2) reproductive and lactating: In recent years through a lot of investigation proved that no birth or a birth, they seldom lactating women than breast cancer occurred many times lactating, breastfeeding women and more long time. This shows that more than childbirth, breastfeeding and more likely to happen is to increase the chance of breast cancer.

(3) fiber cystic breast disease: the above-mentioned such a disease, it is a pre-cancerous lesions, easily into breast cancer.

(4) genetic factors: performance in a major family history of breast cancer. According to foreign data, positive family history can be expressed as two forms: as a mother suffering from breast cancer, his daughter is also a good breast cancer, breast cancer occurred in this amenorrhea, often bilateral; another for the His mother had not suffering from breast cancer, but in a family, there are at least two sisters suffering from breast cancer, this family in the incidence of breast cancer than no family history of breast cancer in the family a high incidence of 2 to 3 times, and This occurred in more than breast cancer after menopause, often unilateral.

What is the Early Breast Cancer ？

Early breast cancer is zoned who has two standards: one is to (1) breast lobular carcinoma in situ and ductal carcinoma in situ, (2) less than five millimeters in diameter small invasive (sub-clinical cancer), (3) in diameter Less than one centimeter, local activity, no axillary lymph nodes of cancer, such as micro-classified as early stage breast cancer. Tianjin People’s Hospital but is proposed to (1) axillary lymph node cancer without transfer, (2) The non-specific cancer-cancer, as long as its not more than one centimeter in diameter, or primary cancer as a special type, as long as Its not more than three centimeters in diameter, are classified as early stage cancer.

Breast cancer in the early clinical manifestations which ?

(1) breast tumors: breast cancer is the main performance on the breast of a mass, which is often the early symptoms of breast cancer. Most patients feel no pain, only less than 1 / 3 of patients feel some pain or Duntong, but not very obvious. About 60 percent of the lumps in the breast, long at the top, the shape of a circle and irregular in shape. Early cancer no infiltration. Masses still can move. However, due to the mass of breast cancer in many ways with benign breast tumor are very similar, therefore, to reach mass alone to determine its nature, is incorrect, must go to the hospital for an examination.

(2) unilateral nipple discharge: Non-lactating women, all of a sudden there nipple water (like milk, blood samples, water samples liquid), should be noted, because some of them for breast cancer patients.

How to check their own breasts ?

Self-inspection methods: (1) take off his shirt,double arm down, to observe the double-nipple is symmetrical, whether abnormal, (2)double arm Baotou on the move, and then observe whether the Shuangru symmetry, whether mass Or skin lacunae (3) supine, shoulder Xiadian a flat pillow, a finger straight, a touch of breast-regional (not to breast Yongshou Nie, because at this time can be mistaken for normal breast tissue mass); (4) order all the breast examination, and then Jiang Shoushen at the top of the axillary (At this point the arm to droop), with the same extension of the fingers, Mocha armpit whether the enlarged lymph nodes (5) inspection areola (By means pressure), observation of whether the nipple fluid outflow.

The prevention of breast cancer is what ?

(1) Once the fiber found themselves suffering from cystic breast disease, treatment should be immediately and not delay the timing of the treatment.

(2) For the period lactating women, nursing each time, as much as possible from the milk, so the one hand, can increase milk production, on the other hand, can reduce the secretion of the last in the breast milk of the remaining time.

(3) to reduce Jiuliang and alcohol. Some Western countries studies show that women have the habit of drinking alcohol than women vulnerable to breast cancer.

(4) a family history of breast cancer in women, in addition to adhere to self-check in, should also be conducted regularly to the hospital for a more comprehensive inspection.